Handling ProgressBars

Overview

ProgressBar is used to display the progress of an activity while the user is waiting. You can display an indeterminate progress (spinning wheel) or result-based progress.

Indeterminate

We can display an indeterminate progress bar which we show to indicate waiting:

<ProgressBar
  android:id="@+id/pbLoading"
  android:visibility="invisible"
  android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

and then manage the visibility in the activity:

// on some click or some loading we need to wait for...
ProgressBar pb = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.pbLoading);
pb.setVisibility(ProgressBar.VISIBLE);
// run a background job and once complete
pb.setVisibility(ProgressBar.INVISIBLE);

Typically you want to try to put the ProgressBar in the place where data is going to show (i.e. as a placeholder for an image). For a ListView, you put the ProgressBar in the header or footer, which lets you put an arbitrary layout outside of the adapter.

Result-based

ProgressBar can be used to report the progress of a long-running AsyncTask. In this case:

• ProgressBar can report numerical results for a task.
• Must specify horizontal style and result max value.
• Must publishProgress(value) in your AsyncTask

<ProgressBar
  android:id="@+id/progressBar1"
  android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  android:visibility="invisible"
  style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
  android:max="100" />

and then within the AsyncTask:

public class DelayTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, String> {
    int count = 0;
    
    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {
        pb.setVisibility(ProgressBar.VISIBLE);
    }

    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
        while (count < 5) {
            SystemClock.sleep(1000);
            count++;
            publishProgress(count * 20);
        }
        return "Complete";
    }

    @Override
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
        pb.setProgress(values[0]);
    }	
}

and using this pattern any background tasks can be reflected by an on-screen progress report.

Progress within ActionBar

We can add a ProgressBar into our ActionBar or Toolbar using a custom ActionView. First, let's define the progress action-view with a layout file in res/layout/action_view_progress.xml with a progress-bar:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ProgressBar xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleLarge"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/pbProgressAction" />

Next, we can add the ActionView to our ActionBar in the res/menu/activity_main.xml as an item:

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <item
        android:id="@+id/miActionProgress"
        android:title="Loading..."
        android:visible="false"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        app:showAsAction="always"
        app:actionLayout="@layout/action_view_progress" />
</menu>

Note the use of android:orderInCategory to append the item at the end (other items should be less than 100), android:visible which hides the menu item and also app:actionLayout which specifies the layout for the action-view. Next, we can use the onPrepareOptionsMenu method to get a reference to the menu item and the associated view within the activity:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    // Instance of the progress action-view
    MenuItem miActionProgressItem;
  
    @Override
    public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Store instance of the menu item containing progress
        miActionProgressItem = menu.findItem(R.id.miActionProgress);
        // Extract the action-view from the menu item
        ProgressBar v =  (ProgressBar) MenuItemCompat.getActionView(miActionProgressItem);
        // Return to finish
        return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);
    }
}

Finally, we can toggle the visibility of the miActionProgressItem item to show and hide the progress-bar in the action-bar:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public void showProgressBar() {
        // Show progress item
        miActionProgressItem.setVisible(true);
    }

    public void hideProgressBar() {
        // Hide progress item
        miActionProgressItem.setVisible(false);
    }
}

and the result:

Progress Within ListView Footer

Often the user is waiting for a list of items to be populated into a ListView. In these cases, we can display the progress bar at the bottom of the ListView using a footer. First, let's define the footer xml layout in res/layout/footer_progress.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <ProgressBar
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleLarge"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/pbFooterLoading"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:visibility="gone" />
</LinearLayout>

Note the use of a LinearLayout with the layout_height set to wrap_content as this is important for the footer to be properly hidden. Next, let's setup the footer within our ListView by inflating and inserting the header within the activity:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    // ...
    // Store reference to the progress bar later
    ProgressBar progressBarFooter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // ...
        setupListWithFooter();
    }
 
    // Adds footer to the list default hidden progress
    public void setupListWithFooter() {
        // Find the ListView
        ListView lvItems = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvItems);
        // Inflate the footer
        View footer = getLayoutInflater().inflate(
            R.layout.footer_progress, null);
        // Find the progressbar within footer
        progressBarFooter = (ProgressBar)
                footer.findViewById(R.id.pbFooterLoading);
        // Add footer to ListView before setting adapter
        lvItems.addFooterView(footer);
        // Set the adapter AFTER adding footer
        lvItems.setAdapter(myAdapter);
    }
}

Now with the progressBarFooter progress-bar instance stored we can show and hide the footer with setVisibility:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    // Show progress
    public void showProgressBar() {
        progressBarFooter.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }

    // Hide progress
    public void hideProgressBar() {
        progressBarFooter.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }
}

Now we can call these show and hide methods as needed to show the footer in the list:

Progress within Dialog

In certain scenarios, a simple solution for displaying a progress bar during a long-running operation is to display a modal progress dialog indicating a task is running:

[[|Using-DialogFragment#displaying-a-progressdialog]]

Note that this modal display prevents the user from interacting with the app until the task is completed. As a result, the progress indicators above generally provide a better user experience.

Third-party Libraries

See this list of third-party progress bars for alternate styles and animations.

The NumberProgressBar is featured above for example.

References

• http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ProgressBar.html
• http://pivotallabs.com/android-tidbits-6-22-2011-hiding-header-views/
• http://www.mkyong.com/android/android-progress-bar-example/
• Activity ProgressBar