Populating a ListView with a CursorAdapter

Overview

In Android development, any time you want to show a vertical list of items you will want to use a ListView which is populated using an Adapter to a data source. When we want the data for the list to be sourced directly from a SQLite database query we can use a CursorAdapter.

The CursorAdapter fits in between a Cursor (data source from SQLite query) and the ListView (visual representation) and configures two aspects:

• Which layout template to inflate for an item
• Which fields of the cursor to bind to views in the template

Using a Custom CursorAdapter

Defining our Table

First, we need to define a table within the database from which we will load our cursor. In this case, we will define a database table called todo_items for a collection of todo items with a string body and an integer priority.

body	priority
Get milk	2
Do laundry	3

To create this database table, we would use SQLite persistence or an ORM that allows us to define objects mapped to tables.

Creating the View Template

When we want to display a series of items into a list using a custom representation of the items, we need to use our own custom XML layout template for each item. We can simply create an XML layout template in res/layout/item_todo.xml representing a particular cursor row:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvBody"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Study cursors"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvPriority"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:text="3"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />
</LinearLayout>

Defining the Adapter

Next, we need to define the adapter to describe the process of converting the Cursor into a View. To do this we need to override the newView method and the bindView methods. The naive approach to this (without any view caching) looks like the following:

public class TodoCursorAdapter extends CursorAdapter {
  public TodoCursorAdapter(Context context, Cursor cursor) {
      super(context, cursor, 0);
  }

  // The newView method is used to inflate a new view and return it, 
  // you don't bind any data to the view at this point. 
  @Override
  public View newView(Context context, Cursor cursor, ViewGroup parent) {
      return LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_todo, parent, false);
  }

  // The bindView method is used to bind all data to a given view
  // such as setting the text on a TextView. 
  @Override
  public void bindView(View view, Context context, Cursor cursor) {
      // Find fields to populate in inflated template
      TextView tvBody = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tvBody);
      TextView tvPriority = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tvPriority);
      // Extract properties from cursor
      String body = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("body"));
      int priority = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("priority"));
      // Populate fields with extracted properties
      tvBody.setText(body);
      tvPriority.setText(String.valueOf(priority));
  }
}

First, we define a constructor that passes the cursor and context to the superclass. Next, we override the newView method which is used to inflate a new view template. Finally, we override the bindView which is used to bind all data to a given view to populate the template content for the item.

Retrieving the Cursor

In order to use a CursorAdapter, we need to query a SQLite database and get back a Cursor representing the result set. This requires us to use a SQLiteOpenHelper for persistence as described here or an ORM that provides access to the underlying database.

Once you have a database and tables defined, then we can get access to a Cursor by querying the database with rawQuery:

// TodoDatabaseHandler is a SQLiteOpenHelper class connecting to SQLite
TodoDatabaseHandler handler = new TodoDatabaseHandler(this);
// Get access to the underlying writeable database
SQLiteDatabase db = handler.getWritableDatabase();
// Query for items from the database and get a cursor back
Cursor todoCursor = db.rawQuery("SELECT  * FROM todo_items", null);

Attaching the Adapter to a ListView

Now, we can use the CursorAdapter in the Activity to display an array of items into the ListView:

// Find ListView to populate
ListView lvItems = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvItems);
// Setup cursor adapter using cursor from last step
TodoCursorAdapter todoAdapter = new TodoCursorAdapter(this, todoCursor);
// Attach cursor adapter to the ListView 
lvItems.setAdapter(todoAdapter);

This will then trigger the CursorAdapter iterating through the result set and populating the list. We can change the cursor to update the adapter at any time with:

// Switch to new cursor and update contents of ListView
todoAdapter.changeCursor(newCursor);

References

• http://www.gustekdev.com/2013/05/custom-cursoradapter-and-why-not-use.html