branch-3.0: [fix](schema-change) Fix single column table could not rename columns #47275

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/catalog/Env.java

@@ -5091,8 +5091,8 @@ private void renameColumn(Database db, OlapTable table, String colName,
 
         Map<Long, MaterializedIndexMeta> indexIdToMeta = table.getIndexIdToMeta();
         for (Map.Entry<Long, MaterializedIndexMeta> entry : indexIdToMeta.entrySet()) {
-            // rename column is not implemented for table without column unique id.
-            if (entry.getValue().getMaxColUniqueId() <= 0) {
+            // rename column is not implemented for non-light-schema-change table.
+            if (!table.getEnableLightSchemaChange()) {
                 throw new DdlException("not implemented for table without column unique id,"
                         + " which are created with property 'light_schema_change'.");
             }

regression-test/data/schema_change_p0/test_rename_single_col_tbl.out

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-- This file is automatically generated. You should know what you did if you want to edit this
+-- !desc --
+test_rename_single_col_tbl	DUP_KEYS	rename_partition_col	DATE	datev2	No	true	\N		true		
+

regression-test/suites/schema_change_p0/test_rename_single_col_tbl.groovy

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+suite("test_rename_single_col_tbl") {
+    def tblName = "test_rename_single_col_tbl"
+    sql """ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${tblName} """
+    sql """
+        CREATE TABLE ${tblName}
+        (
+            col0 DATE NOT NULL,
+        )
+        DUPLICATE KEY(col0)
+        DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(col0) BUCKETS 4
+        PROPERTIES (
+            "replication_num" = "1"
+        );
+    """
+    sql """
+        ALTER TABLE ${tblName} RENAME COLUMN col0 rename_partition_col
+    """
+    sql """ SYNC """
+    qt_desc """ DESC ${tblName} ALL """
+}